Guinea Pig Care Guide

What do I need to know about Guinea Pig Lifespan?

Domestic guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) live an average of 4–8 years, with some reaching 10–11 years. The world record is 14 years and 10.5 months (Snowball, UK, 1979). Factors affecting lifespan: genetics, diet quality, veterinary care, social companionship (guinea pigs are highly social and should never be kept alone — a solo pig declines significantly in health and wellbeing), housing (minimum 1.5m² floor space per pair), and stress levels.

What's the key thing to understand about Life Stages?

Young (0–6 months): rapid growth, sexual maturity reached at 4–6 weeks. Females can become pregnant from 4 weeks — essential to separate sexes early. Young adults require more protein and calcium. Adults (6 months–4 years): peak health, stable diet, annual vet checks. Seniors (4+ years): more prone to dental problems, respiratory infections, tumours (especially mammary tumours in females), and musculoskeletal issues. Weight monitoring and bi-annual vet checks become important from age 3.

What's the key thing to understand about Essential Diet?

Guinea pigs cannot synthesise vitamin C and must have a dietary source daily — unlike rabbits, they cannot produce it internally. Symptoms of scurvy (vitamin C deficiency): swollen joints, bleeding gums, poor wound healing, lethargy. Sources: fresh bell peppers (highest vitamin C of common vegetables), kale, broccoli, parsley. 1/8th of a bell pepper or a small piece of kale provides the daily requirement. Avoid relying on pellets alone — they lose vitamin C quickly after manufacture. 80% of their diet should be good-quality hay, providing the fibre essential for healthy digestion and preventing overgrown teeth.

What do I need to know about Dental Health?

Guinea pigs' teeth grow continuously throughout life (hypsodont). Proper dental wear requires constant access to hay (not just pellets) and wooden chews. Signs of dental problems: difficulty eating, drooling (wet chin), weight loss, or favouring one side. Dental disease is the leading cause of weight loss and early death in older guinea pigs. Annual vet checks should include a dental assessment from age 2. Dental procedures under gas anaesthesia are common in older guinea pigs and generally safe

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