⚛️
Physics
Physics Calculators
69 free physics calculators with clear, detailed guides.
All Physics Calculators
Acceleration Calculator
Calculate acceleration, initial velocity, final velocity, time, or distance using the equations of motion. Covers uniform acceleration and free fall.
Open Calculator →
Atmospheric Pressure & Altitude Calculator
Calculate atmospheric pressure at any altitude using the barometric formula. Find boiling point of water and air density at altitude.
Open Calculator →
Bernoulli Equation & Fluid Flow Calculator
Apply Bernoulli's equation to calculate fluid velocity, pressure, and height. Solve venturi meter, pipe flow, and aircraft lift problems.
Open Calculator →
Buoyancy Calculator (Archimedes Principle)
Calculate buoyancy force, whether an object floats or sinks, and the volume submerged. Based on Archimedes Principle.
Open Calculator →
Capacitor Charging Time Calculator (RC Time Constant)
Calculate capacitor charging and discharging time using RC time constant. Voltage curves at 1τ, 2τ, 3τ, 5τ for any R and C.
Open Calculator →
Capacitor Energy, Charge & Time Constant Calculator
Calculate capacitor charge, energy stored, voltage, and RC time constant for charging and discharging circuits. Essential for A-level physics and electronics.
Open Calculator →
Centripetal Force & Acceleration Calculator
Calculate centripetal force, acceleration, and angular velocity for circular motion. Find safe corner speeds for vehicles and orbital parameters.
Open Calculator →
Circular Motion & Centripetal Force Calculator
Calculate centripetal force, acceleration, angular velocity, and period for circular motion. Covers horizontal circles, vertical circles, and banking angles.
Open Calculator →
Coulomb's Law Calculator — Electrostatic Force
Calculate electrostatic force between two charges using Coulomb's law. Find electric field strength and potential energy. Essential for A-level physics.
Open Calculator →
Decibel (dB) & Sound Level Calculator
Calculate sound intensity in decibels, convert between dB and intensity, and compare sound levels. Includes noise exposure limits and hearing damage thresholds.
Open Calculator →
Density Calculator
Calculate density, mass, or volume using the density formula. Solve for any of the three variables — works for solids, liquids, and gases.
Open Calculator →
Diffraction Grating & Double-Slit Calculator
Calculate diffraction maxima, grating spacing, and wavelength from diffraction patterns. Covers single slit, double slit, and diffraction gratings.
Open Calculator →
Doppler Effect Calculator — Frequency Shift
Calculate the observed frequency from the Doppler effect for sound and light. Find frequency shifts for moving sources and observers.
Open Calculator →
Doppler Shift Calculator (Sound & Light)
Calculate the Doppler effect for sound and light. Frequency shift from moving source or observer, plus redshift and blueshift.
Open Calculator →
Elastic & Inelastic Collision Calculator
Calculate final velocities for elastic, inelastic, and explosive collisions. Apply conservation of momentum and kinetic energy.
Open Calculator →
Electric Field & Coulomb's Law Calculator
Calculate electric field strength, force between charges, and electric potential using Coulomb's Law. Essential for A-level physics.
Open Calculator →
Electromagnetic Spectrum — Frequency, Wavelength & Energy
Calculate frequency, wavelength, and photon energy for any electromagnetic radiation. Covers radio waves to gamma rays using E=hf and c=fλ.
Open Calculator →
Escape Velocity & Gravitational Potential Calculator
Calculate escape velocity from any planet or moon. Find gravitational potential, orbital speed, and Schwarzschild radius using Newton's law of gravitation.
Open Calculator →
Fluid Pressure & Buoyancy Calculator
Calculate fluid pressure at depth, buoyancy force, and Archimedes principle. Find whether objects float or sink in any liquid.
Open Calculator →
Force Calculator (Newton's Second Law)
Calculate force using Newton's second law (F = ma). Solve for force, mass, or acceleration with real-world examples and unit conversions.
Open Calculator →
Friction Force Calculator
Calculate static and kinetic friction forces for any surface combination. Find the minimum force needed to start or maintain motion.
Open Calculator →
Gravitational Force Calculator
Calculate gravitational force between two masses using Newton's Law of Gravitation. Find weight on other planets and escape velocity.
Open Calculator →
Gravitational Potential Energy & Work Done Calculator
Calculate gravitational potential energy (GPE = mgh), kinetic energy, work done by forces, and conservation of energy problems.
Open Calculator →
Half-Life & Radioactive Decay Calculator
Calculate radioactive decay, remaining quantity, and elapsed time using half-life. Carbon dating, medical isotopes, and decay constant.
Open Calculator →
Half-Life Calculator
Calculate radioactive decay, drug half-life, or any exponential decay. Find remaining quantity after any number of half-lives.
Open Calculator →
Kinetic Energy Calculator
Calculate the kinetic energy of any moving object. Also calculates momentum, velocity from KE, or mass from KE.
Open Calculator →
LED Series Resistor Calculator
Calculate the correct series resistor for LEDs. Single LED or multiple in series. Includes power dissipation and standard E12 values.
Open Calculator →
Lens & Mirror Equation Calculator
Calculate image distance, object distance, focal length, and magnification for converging and diverging lenses and mirrors using 1/f = 1/v + 1/u.
Open Calculator →
Light Year & Astronomical Distance Calculator
Convert between light years, parsecs, AU, and kilometres. Calculate travel time at any speed and astronomical distances.
Open Calculator →
Magnetic Force Calculator (F = BIL and F = qvB)
Calculate magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor (F=BIL) and on a moving charge (F=qvB). Find radius of circular motion in a magnetic field.
Open Calculator →
Moments, Torque & Equilibrium Calculator
Calculate moments about a pivot, torque, and find conditions for rotational equilibrium. Essential for A-level physics mechanics.
Open Calculator →
Momentum & Impulse Calculator
Calculate momentum, impulse, force, and change in velocity. Covers conservation of momentum for collisions and Newton's second law.
Open Calculator →
Nuclear Binding Energy & Mass Defect Calculator
Calculate nuclear binding energy, mass defect, and binding energy per nucleon for any isotope. Understand nuclear fission and fusion energy release.
Open Calculator →
Nuclear Decay & Half-Life Calculator
Calculate radioactive decay, activity, half-life, and remaining quantity for any radioisotope. Covers alpha, beta, and gamma decay with decay equations.
Open Calculator →
Nuclear Reaction & Mass Defect Calculator
Calculate nuclear binding energy, mass defect, and energy released in fission or fusion reactions using E=mc2.
Open Calculator →
Ohm's Law Calculator
Calculate voltage, current, or resistance using Ohm's Law. Also calculates power (watts) from any two known values.
Open Calculator →
Pendulum Period & Length Calculator
Calculate the period, frequency, or length of a simple pendulum. Includes the effect of gravity on different planets and real-world clock applications.
Open Calculator →
Photoelectric Effect Calculator — Photon Energy & Work Function
Calculate the photoelectric effect: photon energy, work function, stopping voltage, and maximum kinetic energy of emitted electrons.
Open Calculator →
Power & Energy Calculator
Calculate electrical energy used, running costs, and CO2 emissions for any appliance. Convert between kWh, joules, watts, and time.
Open Calculator →
Pressure Calculator
Calculate pressure, force, or area using the pressure formula P = F/A. Also converts between pressure units — Pa, bar, PSI, atm, mmHg.
Open Calculator →
Projectile Motion Calculator
Calculate the range, maximum height, time of flight, and velocity of any projectile. Enter launch speed and angle for full trajectory analysis.
Open Calculator →
Radioactive Decay & Half-Life Calculator
Calculate radioactive decay, remaining activity, and time elapsed from half-life. Find the decay constant and activity in becquerels.
Open Calculator →
Radioactive Decay Series & Activity Calculator
Calculate activity, number of atoms, and mass of a radioactive sample at any time. Compare alpha, beta, and gamma decay and find decay series endpoints.
Open Calculator →
Refractive Index, Critical Angle & Total Internal Reflection
Calculate refractive index, critical angle for total internal reflection, and apparent depth. Covers Snell's law applications and optical fibre principles.
Open Calculator →
Resistor Colour Code Calculator (4 & 5 Band)
Calculate resistance and tolerance from 4-band or 5-band resistor colour codes. Reverse lookup from value to bands.
Open Calculator →
Resistors in Parallel & Series Calculator
Calculate combined resistance for resistors in series and parallel. Mixed networks supported. Voltage divider and current calculations.
Open Calculator →
Series & Parallel Circuit Calculator
Calculate total resistance for series and parallel circuits. Find current, voltage, and power across each component using Ohm's Law.
Open Calculator →
Significant Figures Calculator
Round any number to any number of significant figures. Shows step-by-step working and scientific notation.
Open Calculator →
Simple Harmonic Motion Calculator — Spring & Pendulum
Calculate period, frequency, and amplitude for simple harmonic motion. Covers mass-spring systems and simple pendulums with full A-level working.
Open Calculator →
Snell's Law & Refraction Calculator
Calculate the angle of refraction, refractive index, and critical angle using Snell's Law. Includes total internal reflection and optical fibre applications.
Open Calculator →
Specific Heat Capacity Calculator (Q = mcΔT)
Calculate heat energy transferred, mass, specific heat capacity, or temperature change using Q=mcΔT. Covers common materials and calorimetry.
Open Calculator →
Speed Calculator
Calculate speed, velocity, distance, or time. Covers linear, angular, and relative speed with unit conversions.
Open Calculator →
Speed Distance Time Calculator
Speed, distance and time calculator: enter any two to find the third. Calculate speed, journey distance, or travel time with unit conversions.
Open Calculator →
Speed of Sound Calculator
Calculate the speed of sound in air, water, or any medium based on temperature. Find Mach numbers and sonic boom distances.
Open Calculator →
Spring Constant & Hooke's Law Calculator
Calculate spring constant, extension, force, and elastic potential energy using Hooke's law. Find SHM period for a mass on a spring.
Open Calculator →
Standing Waves & Resonance Calculator
Calculate resonant frequencies, harmonics, and wavelengths for standing waves in strings and pipes. Covers open and closed pipes.
Open Calculator →
Stokes' Law & Terminal Velocity Calculator
Calculate terminal velocity using Stokes' law for spheres in viscous fluids. Find drag force, settling time, and viscosity.
Open Calculator →
Temperature Converter
Convert temperature between Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin instantly. Includes common reference temperatures for cooking, science, and everyday use.
Open Calculator →
Terminal Velocity Calculator
Calculate the terminal velocity of any falling object based on mass, drag coefficient, and cross-sectional area. Includes skydiving and raindrop examples.
Open Calculator →
Thermal Conductivity & Heat Transfer Calculator
Calculate heat conduction through walls, windows, and materials. Find R-values, U-values, and total heat loss using Fourier's law.
Open Calculator →
Thermal Expansion Calculator
Calculate linear and volumetric thermal expansion for metals, solids, and liquids. Essential for engineering, plumbing, and materials science.
Open Calculator →
Torque Calculator
Calculate torque, force, or lever arm length. Covers rotational mechanics, tightening torques, and real-world applications like spanners and engines.
Open Calculator →
Transformer Calculator (Turns Ratio, Voltage & Power)
Calculate transformer turns ratio, output voltage, output current, and power. Covers step-up and step-down transformers and efficiency losses.
Open Calculator →
Transformer Efficiency & Turns Ratio Calculator
Calculate transformer turns ratio, voltage ratio, current ratio, and efficiency. Find primary or secondary voltage from any configuration.
Open Calculator →
Wave Interference & Young's Slits Calculator
Calculate fringe spacing in Young's double-slit experiment, path difference, and conditions for constructive and destructive interference.
Open Calculator →
Wavelength & Frequency Calculator
Calculate the wavelength, frequency, or wave speed of any wave. Works for light, sound, radio, and other electromagnetic waves.
Open Calculator →
Wheatstone Bridge Calculator
Calculate unknown resistance using the Wheatstone bridge balance condition. Find galvanometer current and bridge sensitivity.
Open Calculator →
Wind Chill & Feels-Like Calculator
Calculate wind chill factor and the 'feels like' temperature for any combination of air temperature and wind speed.
Open Calculator →
Work & Energy Calculator
Calculate work done, kinetic energy, potential energy, and power. Covers all forms of mechanical energy with real-world examples.
Open Calculator →
About our physics calculators
Our physics calculators cover the core of mechanics, electricity, waves, optics, thermodynamics, and nuclear physics — the tools students, teachers, engineers, and hobbyists reach for most often. Whether you need to find kinetic energy, work out the force on an object, solve an Ohm’s law circuit, calculate projectile motion, or determine the wavelength of a wave, each calculator pairs an instant result with a clear explanation of the formula behind it.
Physics problems live or die by consistent units, so every calculator here works in SI units (metres, kilograms, seconds, joules, newtons) and shows the working so you can check your reasoning, not just the answer. The accompanying guides explain the underlying principles — Newton’s laws, conservation of energy and momentum, the wave equation, the gas laws, and more — with worked examples and the common mistakes to avoid.
From GCSE and A-level revision through to undergraduate problem sets and practical engineering estimates, these calculators are built to be accurate, fast, and genuinely educational. Each one is free, needs no sign-up, and explains the method so you learn the physics rather than just getting a number.