Home Composting Guide

Compostable Materials

GREENS (high nitrogen, fast-rotting): grass clippings. Vegetable peelings. Fruit waste. Coffee grounds and used tea leaves (NOT teabags with plastic). Cut flowers, deadheads. Fresh weeds (not seed heads or perennial weeds). Plant prunings. BROWNS (high carbon, slow-rotting): cardboard (torn into small pieces). Newspaper and shredded paper. Dry leaves. Twigs and small branches. Egg shells. Wood ash (small amounts). Straw or hay. AVOID: cooked food (attracts rats unless using hot composter). Meat,

The Brown:Green Ratio

Ideal C:N ratio: approximately 30:1. Translates roughly to 2-3 parts brown to 1 part green by volume. Common problem: too much green (slimy, smelly compost). Add more brown — shredded cardboard works immediately. Too much brown (slow, dry compost). Add more green or water. Layering or mixing: traditional layered approach (alternating browns and greens) works. Mixing as you add also fine. Aim for moisture like a wrung-out sponge — squeeze a handful, should clump but not drip. Turning the heap: in

Bin Sizing

Approximate annual compostable waste: kitchen waste only: 70 kg/person/year. Plus garden waste: typical 50m² lawn = 200 kg/year cuttings. Larger garden with prunings: 500-1500 kg/year. Bin volume: 200-300L sufficient for small household + small garden. 400L (single Dalek bin): typical 4-person household + medium garden. 600L+: large garden producers. 1000L+: 2-3 bay wooden system for allotments. Compost shrinks dramatically — final compost is approximately 20% of original input volume. Two-bin s

Hot Composting

Hot composters (HotBin, Joraform, Aerobin): insulated bins reaching 60-70°C internal temperature. Bacterial action accelerates dramatically. Benefits: 30-90 days to finished compost (vs 12-18 months traditional). Kills weed seeds and pathogens. Compost cooked meat, fish, dairy (excluded from cold systems). Cost: £200-500 for serious hot composters. Worthwhile for: small gardens with limited space. Households producing food waste from cooking. People wanting compost quickly. Caveats: requires act

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