Menstrual Cycle Guide

The Four Phases

The menstrual cycle has four phases: Menstruation (days 1-5 typical): shedding of the uterine lining. Day 1 = first day of bleeding. Follicular phase (days 1-13): rising oestrogen. Follicles in the ovary develop. Energy, clarity, and motivation often peak in the late follicular phase. Ovulation (day 14 for a 28-day cycle): surge in LH triggers egg release. The egg survives 12-24 hours. Luteal phase (days 15-28): corpus luteum produces progesterone. Prepares uterus for implantation. If no pregnan

Cycle Variations

Average cycle length: 21-35 days (both extremes within normal range). Many conditions cause variation: short cycles (< 21 days): can indicate perimenopause, hormonal imbalance, stress. Long cycles (> 35 days): PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), hypothyroidism, high stress, low body weight. Variable cycle length: normal variation of ±2 days between cycles is common. More than ±7 days variation suggests investigating with a GP. Very heavy or long periods (menorrhagia): worth investigating with GP —

PMS and PMDD

PMS (premenstrual syndrome): physical and psychological symptoms in the luteal phase. Affects up to 75% of people who menstruate to some degree. Common symptoms: mood changes (irritability, low mood), bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, fatigue, food cravings. Typically resolve within 4 days of menstruation starting. PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder): severe form affecting approximately 3-8%. Significantly disruptive mood symptoms including depression, anxiety, irritability, and emotion

Tracking for Health Insights

Benefits of menstrual cycle tracking: identifying cycle irregularities and trends. Understanding personal hormonal patterns. Recognising PMS/PMDD patterns. Fertility awareness (with appropriate education). Identifying health changes (irregular periods can indicate thyroid issues, PCOS, perimenopause). Popular tracking apps: Clue, Flo, Apple Health Cycle Tracking (built-in). Important: fertility awareness methods (FAM) using cycle tracking alone have high failure rates as contraception (24% typic

Not medical advice. This calculator is for general information and education only. Figures are estimates and may not reflect your circumstances. For decisions, consult your GP or a qualified healthcare professional. See our editorial standards.

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