HIIT Training Guide

HIIT vs Steady-State Cardio

HIIT burns significantly more calories per minute during the session (12–18 kcal/min vs 8–12 for moderate steady-state), and the EPOC (afterburn) effect is substantially higher. A 20-minute HIIT session can produce an equivalent total calorie impact to 35–45 minutes of moderate-intensity cardio. The tradeoff: HIIT is more demanding on the central nervous system and requires longer recovery. Most training authorities recommend 2–3 HIIT sessions per week maximum, with at least 48 hours recovery be

EPOC — The Afterburn Effect

Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) is the elevated metabolic rate after intense exercise as the body replenishes oxygen stores, clears lactate, repairs muscle tissue, and restores normal hormone levels. HIIT produces significantly more EPOC than steady-state cardio: high-intensity HIIT adds 14–20% to the workout calorie total over 12–24 hours. A 300-kcal HIIT session might produce 40–60 kcal of EPOC, compared to 15–25 kcal for a moderate steady-state session.

Tabata and Other Protocols

Common HIIT protocols: Tabata (20s maximum effort, 10s rest, 8 rounds = 4 minutes): extremely intense, one of the highest METs recorded for short-duration exercise. The original Tabata study showed equal or better VO2 max improvement as 60 minutes of moderate steady-state. 30-20-10 protocol: 30s easy, 20s moderate, 10s sprint, repeated. EMOM (every minute on the minute): a set number of reps at the start of each minute, rest the remainder. Norwegian 4×4: 4 minutes at 90–95% max heart rate, 3 min

HIIT Safety and Programming

HIIT places significant stress on joints, the cardiovascular system, and the central nervous system. Beginners should not start with HIIT — build a base of 4–8 weeks of moderate-intensity training first. Common mistakes: not resting enough between HIIT sessions (48+ hours required), not warming up properly (5–10 minutes is essential to prevent injury), treating every session as maximum effort (periodised intensity is more sustainable), and doing HIIT when fatigued or underslept (injury risk rise

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