Scientific Notation Guide

Format Rules

Scientific notation: a × 10ⁿ where 1 ≤ |a| < 10. To convert 456,000: move decimal left 5 places → 4.56 × 10⁵. For 0.000045: move right 5 places → 4.5 × 10⁻⁵.

Multiplying and Dividing

Multiply: (a₁ × 10ⁿ¹) × (a₂ × 10ⁿ²) = (a₁ × a₂) × 10^(n₁+n₂). Divide: (a₁ × 10ⁿ¹) ÷ (a₂ × 10ⁿ²) = (a₁ ÷ a₂) × 10^(n₁−n₂). Then normalise so the coefficient is between 1 and 10.

Engineering Notation

Engineering notation uses exponents that are multiples of 3 (kilo, mega, giga etc.). 4.56 × 10⁵ in engineering notation = 456 × 10³ = 456 kilo-units. Common prefixes: nano (10⁻⁹), micro (10⁻⁶), milli (10⁻³), kilo (10³), mega (10⁶), giga (10⁹).

Scientific Notation Calculator

Results update automatically as you type

Enter values above to calculate