FSA vs HSA Guide

What's the difference between FSA and HSA — When Each Wins?

Both reduce taxable income and pay for medical expenses, but differ critically: FSA: $3,300 limit 2025; use-it-or-lose-it (limited carryover); funds available IMMEDIATELY at start of year; cannot invest; tied to employer (forfeit if you leave). HSA: $4,300 single / $8,550 family 2025; funds roll forever; CAN invest for long-term growth; portable across employers; requires HDHP enrollment. Strategy: maximize HSA first if eligible — its triple tax advantage and portability make it more valuable. Use an FSA instead if you're not HDHP-eligible, since it's the only pre-tax medical spending account option available in that case.

What should I know about The Use-It-Or-Lose-It Trap?

FSA's biggest downside: unused funds at year-end are FORFEITED back to your employer. Some plans offer mitigation: (1) Carryover — up to $660 (2025) rolls to next year. (2) Grace period — 2.5 extra months (until March 15) to spend prior-year funds. (3) Neither — strict December 31 deadline. Plans typically choose carryover OR grace period, not both. Strategy: contribute carefully — match contributions to predictable expenses (regular prescriptions, annual eye exam, dental cleanings). Don't gamble on future medical spending you're not confident about, since unused FSA funds are generally forfeited at year-end, subject only to a limited grace period or small carryover some employers offer.

What Qualifies for Healthcare FSA?

Eligible expenses: prescriptions, copays, deductibles, eye exams, glasses, contacts, dental, orthodontics, hearing aids, mental health therapy, fertility treatments, breast pumps, sunscreen SPF 15+. CARES Act 2020 expanded: over-the-counter medications (Advil, Tylenol, allergy meds, etc.) NO LONGER need prescription. Menstrual products eligible. Not eligible: cosmetic procedures, gym memberships (unless medically prescribed), most supplements/vitamins, weight loss programs without medical necess

What's the key thing to understand about Dependent Care FSA — The Best-Kept Secret?

Dependent Care FSA covers childcare expenses for kids under 13 (and adult-disabled dependent care). 2025 limit: $5,000 MFJ / single, $2,500 MFS. Eligible: daycare, nursery school, before/after school programs, summer day camp (not overnight), nanny costs. Both spouses must work or be students. Tax savings: $5,000 contribution at 30% combined fed+state+FICA = $1,500/year savings. Important: DC-FSA REDUCES the Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit dollar-for-dollar. Run both calculations — for many families with childcare costs, the DC-FSA still comes out ahead of the tax credit alone, but running both for your specific income and costs is the only way to know for sure.

Not financial advice. This calculator is for general information and education only. Figures are estimates and may not reflect your circumstances. For decisions, consult the FCA register and a qualified financial adviser. See our editorial standards.

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