Pension Drawdown Guide

Safe Withdrawal Rates

The 4% rule: research by William Bengen (1994) found 4% initial withdrawal, increased annually with inflation, lasted 30+ years in 95%+ of historical scenarios. Assumed 50/50 stocks/bonds. Modern UK perspective: more conservative — start at 3.5%. Bonds yields lower now than in Bengen's data. Markets have higher valuations. Adjustments: higher withdrawal (5%+): higher risk of running out before death. Lower withdrawal (3%): safer but lower lifestyle. Variable withdrawal: adjust each year based on

Sequence-of-Returns Risk

When you retire matters as much as how much you save. Negative returns in early retirement years are devastating to portfolio longevity. Same long-term average return, different sequences: portfolio that gains then loses lasts decades longer than portfolio that loses then gains. Mitigation strategies: hold cash buffer 2-3 years before retirement. Reduce withdrawals in bear markets — skip inflation increases, or reduce by 10-20%. Don't sell during downturns — withdraw from cash/bonds instead. Ann

Tax on Pension Drawdown

25% tax-free lump sum: can take in one go OR spread across smaller chunks (UFPLS — Uncrystallised Funds Pension Lump Sum). 75% taxable as income: added to other income. Tax bands as normal. Personal Allowance: £12,570 — first slice tax-free. Combined State Pension and drawdown can push you into higher tax bands. Inheritance: pensions pass IHT-free until April 2027 (Autumn 2024 Budget proposes inclusion from then). Lifetime Allowance: abolished April 2024 — no longer a concern for most. But lump

Avoiding Running Out

Big risks to long retirement income: living longer than expected. Life expectancy: 65-year-old today has ~50% chance of reaching 87 (men) or 89 (women). Plan for 25-30 years of retirement. Inflation. Even 2% inflation halves purchasing power in 35 years. 5% inflation halves in 14 years. State Pension increases with triple lock but private pension income often doesn't. Care home costs. £40,000-80,000/year in later years. May exhaust portfolio rapidly. Some equity release options. Health needs. In

Not financial advice. This calculator is for general information and education only. Figures are estimates and may not reflect your circumstances. For decisions, consult the FCA register and a qualified financial adviser. See our editorial standards.

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