Density Calculator

The Density Formula

Density = Mass ÷ Volume

ρ = m ÷ V. Mass = ρ × V. Volume = m ÷ ρ. Units must be consistent — if mass is in kg and volume in m³, density is in kg/m³. Water has a density of 1 g/cm³ (1000 kg/m³).

Common Densities

Water: 1 g/cm³. Ice: 0.92 g/cm³ (floats because it's less dense than water). Aluminium: 2.7 g/cm³. Steel: ~7.9 g/cm³. Gold: 19.3 g/cm³. Air: 0.0012 g/cm³.

Floating and Sinking

An object floats if its density is less than the fluid it's placed in. A steel ship floats because its overall density (steel plus air inside) is less than water, even though steel itself is denser.